SD-9 Dod Guidance On Participating In The Development And Use Of Non-Government StandardsThe purpose of this document is to promote more effective DoD use of nongovernment standards NGSs and participation in their development.To achieve this purpose, this document describes the different types of NGSs and the organizations that develop them, provides general guidance and practices relative to DoD┬┐s involvement in developing or using NGSs, identifies criteria that should be considered regarding requirements and verification before developing an NGS or replacing an existing military or federal document with an NGS, clarifies the roles and responsibilities of DoD personnel when participating in NGS activities, and explains the meaning of DoD adoption of an NGS and its importance.

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organizations develop generally focus on the area of expertise of the organization; for example, UL is predominantly dedicated to safety, so most of their standards focus on the safety of products. Often, in both the standard and the testing, they focus only on the safety aspects with little or no attention to product function or performance. However, these organizations may also develop standards that do cover product attrib- utes, function, and performance.The user needs to be aware of the purpose of the standard and then use it appropriately. Government participation may or may not be invited in the development of standards by such organizations.When possible, DoD activities may find it beneficial to be involved in such standards development work and should seek to be involved as a full participant.

Industry Consortia

Companies or organizations which share similar strategic standardization goals need to develop standards quickly to meet market demand, or are trying to harmonize or dif- ferentiate requirements in a specific industry sometimes form consortia to develop standards outside of traditional standards bodies. In some cases, the standards are pub- lished by the consortia and for the consortia; in some other cases, the group may seek wider acceptance by introducing the standards into a more conventional process through partnership with an NGSB. Consortia clearly act in the best business interests of their members. Sometimes those interests coincide with DoD interests or at least, are not in opposition to DoD interests.The Department uses many consortia-devel- oped standards, and when possible, it is appropriate and may be beneficial for DoD to participate in the document development.Two well-known consortia with DoD par- ticipation are the Open Systems Group and the World Wide Web Consortium.

The United States Council for Automotive Research (USCAR) is another example of a consortium. DaimlerChrysler, Ford, and General Motors created USCAR in 1992 to further strengthen the technology base of the domestic auto industry through coop- erative, precompetitive research.While these companies are fierce competitors in the marketplace, under the umbrella of USCAR, they work together on shared technolog- ical and environmental concerns.The three companies recognize that technical collabo- ration makes good business sense in two well-defined areas: areas where technology leads to no customer differentiation and areas where R&D serves a societal good. In both sit- uations, working together avoids duplication of effort on technology development.

Because there are so many consortia, each with its own set of rules, it is impossible to generalize about their standards development process. Potential Government partici-

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