SD-9 Dod Guidance On Participating In The Development And Use Of Non-Government StandardsThe purpose of this document is to promote more effective DoD use of nongovernment standards NGSs and participation in their development.To achieve this purpose, this document describes the different types of NGSs and the organizations that develop them, provides general guidance and practices relative to DoD┬┐s involvement in developing or using NGSs, identifies criteria that should be considered regarding requirements and verification before developing an NGS or replacing an existing military or federal document with an NGS, clarifies the roles and responsibilities of DoD personnel when participating in NGS activities, and explains the meaning of DoD adoption of an NGS and its importance.

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The NTTAA and OMB Circular A-119 encourage the participation of federal rep- resentatives in NGSBs to increase the likelihood the standards they develop will meet both public- and private-sector needs. Government agencies, manufacturers, con- sumers, buyers, retailers, testing laboratories, technical experts, and other interested par- ties (including individuals) from the United States and many other countries partici- pate in the system.

Trade Associations

There are approximately 300 trade associations.The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) and Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) are organizational examples of manu- facturers, suppliers, customers, service providers, and other firms active in a given industry sector.These associations deal with mutual business interests and promote the industry and its products.To address their objectives, many trade associations develop standards for the products manufactured by their members, although some concentrate on developing standards for products used by their industries. Since a trade association exists to support its membership, and the industry or "trade" it represents, Government participation in the standards development activities of a trade association may be restricted because the Government is not a member of the association. However, stan- dards development activities in trade associations are often conducted in accordance with due process, openness, and balance procedures which give Government represen- tatives an equal voice, and many, if not most, standards writing trade associations are accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).While it is preferable that Government representatives have this equal voice, participation may well be bene- ficial to the Government even under more restrictive circumstances.

Professional Societies

Professional societies are individual membership organizations. For example, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME International) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) are societies that support the practice and advancement of a particular profession. Several professional societies, particularly those organizations in the engineering disciplines, develop technical standards. Participants in

standards committees usually serve as individual professionals, rather than as representa-

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